Learn more about LISER’s departments, shaping our contributions to societal and scientific challenges.

Discover research that examines key challenges in employment, economic trends and social dynamics within the labour market, offering valuable insights into these important areas.

Living Conditions

Engage with research that investigates the factors influencing living standards, with a focus on income distribution, housing conditions and social inclusion, providing evidence-based insights into these crucial areas.

Urban Development and Mobility

Studies urban dynamics to identify pathways of actors to stimulate sustainable urban transitions.

Appel à Communications: Les relations industrielles dans un monde du travail en mutation

Learn more about our cross-departmental programmes, which combine interdisciplinary expertise to tackle transversal challenges.

Crossing Borders

Discover how our research into the complexities of cross-border mobility is advancing knowledge, shaping policy, benefiting society and addressing global challenges.

Health and Health Systems

Engage with research dedicated to enhancing public health, improving healthcare accessibility, and promoting equitable and efficient health solutions at a global scale.

Discover LISER's initiatives, driving scientific progress and fostering meaningful collaborations with stakeholders.

Doctoral programmes

Meet a dynamic community of researchers addressing critical societal challenges through innovative and interdisciplinary studies. Our doctoral programme offers exceptional training, mentorship and opportunities to shape impactful policies and drive innovation in diverse fields.

Data Science and Simulation

The Centre of Competence for Data Science and Simulation (DSS) is a cross-departmental initiative. Our ambition is to develop infrastructure, tools and competences in in machine learning, big data, microsimulation and geoexperimentation to conduct excellent research and advise policy-makers as well as stakeholders.

cc-EXPAR - Competence Centre in Experimental and Participatory Research

The Competence Centre in Experimental and Participatory Research (EXPAR) is a cross-departmental initiative. Our ambition is to improve awareness of and skills in experimental and participatory research methods to strengthen LISER’s position at the forefront of internationally high quality, scientifically rigorous and societally relevant research.

AI Artificial Intelligence technology for data analysis, research, planning, and work generate. Man uses a laptop and AI assistant dashboard. Technology smart robot AI agents and agentic workflows.

Labour Market

Topic: AI and skills

We measure how artificial intelligence is changing the skills employers ask for, which firms actually adopt it, and what both mean for workers in Luxembourg and the Greater Region.

About the topic

Which firms adopt artificial intelligence, and how far do the skills of their workforce shape that decision? How does AI change the skills employers demand, and when does it replace tasks or complement workers’ expertise? We study how these changes unfold within and across occupations, what they mean for employment, wages and productivity, and how the benefits and costs are distributed across workers and firms.

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Large Language Model AI Technology

What we do

Measure
We use large language models to analyse millions of job advertisements and company websites across Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg, tracking changes in skill demand and the AI firms actually use, rather than their potential exposure to it, over time.

Explain
Our establishment surveys capture how firms deploy technology and organise work. Linking survey and text-based measures to administrative employer–employee records allows us to study the consequences for firms and their workers.

Advise
We translate findings into policy briefs and advice for ministries, EU institutions and social partners on reskilling, AI adoption and the organisation of work. Where licensing permits, we publish our indicators for others to use.

Effective recruitment using modern technologies

Data and methods

We build our own measurement infrastructure. Where licensing allows, we publish it.

Online job vacancies

75 million advertisements

Lightcast postings for Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg, 2018–2023, with skills extracted by LLM and reweighted to Labour Force Survey hiring flows.

Explore the OTSS dashboard

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MAP-AI firm indicators

3 million firms

Realised AI adoption, ecosystem role and technology type, built from firm website text 2016–2024 and linked to business registers. Released openly under CC BY 4.0.

Download the MAP-AI firm indicators (CC BY 4.0)

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BIZA establishment surveys

5,000+ establishments

Abstract digital data flow visualization on dark blue background.

How the projects connect

The job-postings and firm-website projects share a skill taxonomy and a method: language models reading unstructured text that already exists, rather than new survey questions.

Both arrive at the same conclusion from opposite directions. Data skills are the broad foundation; AI skills are rare but decisive. Skill supply, not technology, is the binding constraint.

The BIZA surveys supply what web data cannot: firms stating what they use, and administrative records showing what then happened to their workers.

Why build all this? Because judging whether innovation policy works, as our own policy work argues, requires linked firm-level data that does not otherwise exist.

Key topic contributors

Terry Gregory

Research Associate

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Research portal

Cindy Lopes-Bento

Senior Research Scientist - Scientific Lead of the Innovation & Science Observatory

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Research portal

Topics:

Innovation and growth

Julio Garbers

Research Associate

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Research portal

Topics:

Cross-border Mobility Migration+1 more

David Marguerit

Research Analyst

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Research portal

Najada Feimi

Junior Data Scientist

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Research portal

Natella Agikyan

PhD Candidate

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Research portal

Topics:

Green(ing) Economy

Lorraine Saju

PhD Candidate, LISER

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Research portal

Labour Market

Topic: AI and skills

We measure how artificial intelligence is changing the skills employers ask for, which firms actually adopt it, and what both mean for workers in Luxembourg and the Greater Region.

About the topic

What we do