Portugal’s labour market has significantly improved since the 2010–2013 debt crisis. Employment is at historic highs, long-term unemployment has declined, and both female participation and educational attainment have risen. The gender employment and wage gaps have also narrowed. However, structural issues remain: Productivity has stagnated, wages are still relatively low compared to the EU, and job insecurity—especially among young people—persists. Youth unemployment is still high, and many employers have low levels of education. Hence, despite strong recovery and progress, Portugal faces long-term challenges such as an aging population, low birth rates, and the need for a more skilled workforce. Continued investment in education, innovation, and structural reforms is essential to create sustainable, high-quality jobs and support a modern, competitive economy.
WORLD OF LABOUR
Persistent social norms rather than economic incentives remain the main driver of Germany’s enduring maternal employment divide.
