The Urban Development and Mobility department (LISER) and the Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research (VUB) are pleased to organise a one-day symposium titled "To pay or not to pay – The role of fares in public transport". The symposium marks the end of the LiFT project, a bilateral project funded by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). The LiFT project focused on the policy of abolishing fares in public transport, otherwise known as fare-free public transport (FFPT). Although FFPT has become an established practice, discussed and implemented by policy-makers across Europe, it remains largely controversial and under-researched. The event will explore the transport, social, and political impacts of fare-free public transport (FFPT) in Luxembourg and beyond. This symposium will present the main findings of the LiFT project with a focus on FFPT in Luxembourg among others, as well as findings from a selection of other studies in Europe (e.g., the 9-Euro ticket in Germany, or FFPT in French cities) about the role of fares in public transport.